Upon inspection a container plant in any nursery, one might immediately notice the moss growing on the top of the soil. But look a little further, and one can often find curiously small, thick-leaved plants with no flowers growing over the top layer of the soil. These small organisms are liverworts. Liverworts are causing a big problem for nurserymen and women because they are seemingly impossible to control. This article will outline general information about the biology of liverworts.
References:
http://www3.botany.ubc.ca/bryophyte/liverwortintro.html
http://www.world-builders.org/worlds/planets01/laga/lagapages/LLANDPLANTS.HTM
http://oregonstate.edu/dept/nursery-weeds/weedspeciespage/liverwort/liverwort_control.html
http://oregonstate.edu/dept/nursery-weeds/research/container_trials/trial_2003.htm
http://extension.psu.edu/plants/green-industry/news/2012/weed-of-the-month-2013-marchantia-polymorpha-liverwort
Lunularia cruciata in Fruit, Julia T. Shinn The Bryologist, Vol. 5, No. 5 (Sep., 1902), pp. 76-77
http://www.cwss.org/proceedingsfiles/2005/63_2005.pdf
Using different herbicides on liverwort:
http://www.actahort.org/members/showpdf?session=3353
Marchantia ©BRK link: https://c1.staticflickr.com/5/4075/4912480401_8bf6edf838_z.jpg
http://extension.psu.edu/plants/green-industry/news/2012/weed-of-the-month-2013-marchantia-polymorpha-liverwort
http://www.world-builders.org/worlds/planets01/laga/lagapages/LLANDPLANTS.HTM
http://oregonstate.edu/dept/nursery-weeds/weedspeciespage/liverwort/liverwort_control.html
http://oregonstate.edu/dept/nursery-weeds/research/container_trials/trial_2003.htm
http://extension.psu.edu/plants/green-industry/news/2012/weed-of-the-month-2013-marchantia-polymorpha-liverwort
Lunularia cruciata in Fruit, Julia T. Shinn The Bryologist, Vol. 5, No. 5 (Sep., 1902), pp. 76-77
http://www.cwss.org/proceedingsfiles/2005/63_2005.pdf
Using different herbicides on liverwort:
http://www.actahort.org/members/showpdf?session=3353
Marchantia ©BRK link: https://c1.staticflickr.com/5/4075/4912480401_8bf6edf838_z.jpg
http://extension.psu.edu/plants/green-industry/news/2012/weed-of-the-month-2013-marchantia-polymorpha-liverwort